Izinzuzo zokungasebenzi ziyanda kodwa imakethe yezabasebenzi yase-US isalokhu iqinile

(Reuters) - Isibalo sabantu baseMelika abafaka izicelo ezintsha zokungasebenzi sikhuphuke ngesonto eledlule nangesonto eledlule, isibalo sabantu abangasebenzi sifinyelele phezulu kakhulu kusukela ngoFebhuwari, kodwa zombili zahlala emazingeni aphakamisa ukuthi imakethe yezabasebenzi yaseMelika ihlala iqinile, njengoba neFederal. I-Reserve isebenza ukupholisa isidingo sokusebenza njengengxenye yomzamo wakhe wokwehlisa amandla emali.
Izimangalo zokuqala zemihlomulo yokungabibikho kwemisebenzi yezwe zikhuphuke ngo-9,000 zafinyelela ku-225,000 ezilungiswe ngezikhathi ezithile zesizini ngesonto eliphele ngoDisemba 24, kusho uMnyango Wezabasebenzi ngoLwesine, ngokuhambisana nesilinganiso esimaphakathi sosomnotho esabuzwa ngabakwaReuters.
Khonamanjalo, inani labantu abathola izinzuzo ngemva kwesonto lokuqala losizo likhuphuke ngezigidi ezingu-41,000 laya ku-1.710 wezigidi ngesonto eliphele ngoDisemba 17.
Ngemuva kokufika ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu kusukela ngo-1969 ngoMeyi, lezi zimangalo eziqhubekayo, isikhulu sokuqasha, senyukele phezulu kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Umbiko wakamuva ungowokuqala kusukela ngoFebhuwari okhombisa ukuthi bephule isiphetho esiphansi somkhuba wezigidi eziyi-1.7-1.8 owawukhona eminyakeni eyandulela ubhubhane lwe-corona, izinga elabe selithathwa njengophawu lwemakethe yezabasebenzi eqinile.
Futhi nakuba idatha yezicelo zezinzuzo ezintsha ibilokhu incithakalo emasontweni asanda kwedlula, ihlala ingaphansi kwamamaki angu-270,000 izazi zezomnotho eziwabona njengefulegi elibomvu emakethe yezabasebenzi. Uhide lokudilizwa emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe kanye nezimboni ezithinta inzalo njengezezindlu kusamele zishiye ukugoba okubonakalayo ezimangalweni, njengoba abasebenzi abadiliziwe babonakala bengena kalula emisebenzini emisha.
"Njengoba sibheka ukwanda kwakamuva kwezimemezelo zokudilizwa ezivela emabhizinisini amakhulu, besingalindela ukubona ukukhula okwengeziwe kwezicelo kunalokho esikubonayo ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka, kodwa kuze kube manje lokho akukenzeki," uThomas Simmons, isazi sezomnotho emakethe yemali. Jeffries, kusho isitatimende.
Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi izinkokhelo zokudilizwa zibangele ukubambezeleka lapho abasebenzi abadiliziwe befuna imihlomulo, kusho uSimmons, nakuba "kunzima kakhulu ukubala."

'Ukuntuleka kwabasebenzi ngokwesakhiwo'
USihlalo weFederal Reserve uJerome Powell - ongumakhi omkhulu webhange elikhulu elikhuphula izinga lenzalo okuhloswe ngalo ukuletha ukwehla kwamandla emali okweqile esithendeni - uthe ekuqaleni kwale nyanga "kuzwakala sengathi sinokushoda kwezabasebenzi."
Ngempela, ukuqina kwemakethe yezabasebenzi kuwukugxilwa okuyinhloko kwabenzi bezinqubomgomo ze-Fed, njengoba umnotho wase-US ushise isilinganiso semisebenzi emisha ye-392,000 kulo nyaka naphezu kokwenyuka kwezinga lenzalo okusheshayo kanye nokwesaba okukhulayo kokuwohloka komnotho ngonyaka ozayo. Kusukela ngo-Okthoba, bekunemisebenzi evulekile engaba ngu-1.7 kumuntu ngamunye ongasebenzi, cishe ingxenye yephoyinti ngaphezu kwesilinganiso sokuvuleka kwabangasebenzi esibonwe ngaphambi kwalolu bhubhane.
Izikhulu zibheka lawo mandla njengendawo eyanele yokuba ziqhubeke zikhuphula amanani enzalo ukuze kwehle izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali, okuthi ngokwesilinganiso ezisithandayo lihlale liphindwe kathathu izinga abalihlosile lamaphesenti amabili ngonyaka, ngisho noma liye labonisa izimpawu zokudamba muva nje.
Ibhange eliphakathi likhuphule amanani enzalo ukusuka eduze kuka-zero ngoMashi kuya ebangeni lamanje lika-4.25% laya ku-4.50% kanti izikhulu ze-Fed zilinganisela ukuthi izokwephula umaki we-5% ngo-2023, izinga elingakaze libonwe kusukela ngo-2007.
Izikhulu ze-Fed ziphinde zabikezela ukuthi izinga lokuntuleka kwemisebenzi lingakhuphuka cishe ngamaphesenti aphelele lifinyelele kumaphesenti angu-4.6 ngonyaka ozayo, lapho ubukhulu bamanje babasebenzi base-US buzolingana nokulahlekelwa kwemisebenzi engaba yizigidi ezingu-1.5.
Kodwa-ke, ukufeza lokhu kuzodinga ukuguqulwa okukhulu kwendlela yokukhula kwemisebenzi ebilokhu iqhubeka emnothweni wase-US iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, ngaphandle kwezinyanga ezimbili zokulahleka kwemisebenzi okuyingqophamlando ekuqaleni komqedazwe weCorona. Imakethe yezabasebenzi yase-US isiluleme kuyo yonke imisebenzi eyizigidi ezingama-22 esikwe ngesikhathi kuvalwa i-COVID-19, futhi ayikaze ibe nezinyanga ezintathu noma ngaphezulu zilandelana zokwehla kwamaholo kusukela ngo-2010.
Ukukhula kwemisebenzi kwaze kwaba nguNovemba kucishe kube yizi-400,000 ngenyanga, nakuba lelo zinga lilinganiselwe engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka. I-avareji yemibiko emithathu yokugcina yokukhokhelwa okungewona amapulazi evela kuhulumeni yayiyi-272,000.
UMnyango Wezabasebenzi uzobika ngemininingwane yokuqashwa kwa-US ngoDisemba 6, kanti izilinganiso zokuqala ezivela kosomnotho abavotelwe ngabakwaReuters babone ukuthi amaholo akhula ngamanye angama-200,000 kule nyanga. Ngokwezilinganiso, izinga lokungasebenzi lihleli lingashintshile ku-3.7%.
Inkampani eyenza umsebenzi i-Challenger, Gray & Christmas ngesonto elizayo izophinde ibuyekeze inani lezinhlelo zokudilizwa kwenkampani ngoDisemba, ngemuva kokuthi umbiko wayo wangoNovemba uveze ukuthi ukuncipha kwemisebenzi kumenyezelwe kakhulu kusukela ngoJanuwari 2021. Noma kunjalo, ukudilizwa kuze kube manje kugxile kakhulu emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe, osekudlondlobale kulo lonke ubhubhane, futhi ingqikithi yenani lezimemezelo kuze kube ngenyanga edlule ibe ngeyesibili ephansi kakhulu emlandweni esukela ngo-1993.
Osomnotho bakholelwa ukuthi izinkampani kungenzeka zinciphise ukuqashwa ngaphambi kokudiliza abasebenzi. Abaqashi ngokujwayelekile bebemanqikanqika ukudiliza abasebenzi ngemuva kokuzabalaza ukuthola umsebenzi ngesikhathi sodlame lwe-COVID-19.
“Okungenani esikhathini esingengakanani, imininingwane ye-JOLTS (Job Openings and Labour Cycle Survey) kanye ne-NFIB (National Federation of Independent Business) ibonisa ukuthi amabhizinisi amancane asazimisele ngokumunca abasebenzi abathile abadilizwe amabhizinisi amakhulu,” kusho uSimmons. "Lokhu kuhlukana kwezidingo ngeke kuqhubeke unomphela, kodwa kuzosiza imakethe yezemisebenzi ukuthi ifinyelele endaweni ethambile kunalokho ebingeke ibe nayo ngenye indlela."